The Bidirectionally Coupled Particle Tracing study (

)¨is used to model the interactions of particle trajectories with stationary fields. The study creates a
Time-Dependent Solver that solves for all degrees of freedom related to the particles. All other degrees of freedom are computed using a
Stationary Solver. The two solvers are repeated using a For-End For loop so that a self-consistent solution is obtained, taking the bidirectional coupling between the moving particles and stationary fields into account. Examples of when to use this study: In electromagnetics, it is used to model particle beams at constant current that are affected significantly by self-fields. When tracing particles in a fluid, it is used to model the effects of the drag force exerted on the particles and the corresponding body load exerted on the fluid by the particles. This study is available with the Particle Tracing Module.